The positive association between average daily (annual average) caribou consumption (g/day), serum ferritin, and Hb suggests that barriers to consuming caribou (whether through species decline, associated harvest regulations, and/or other socioeconomic factors that limit subsistence harvests) may represent a concern for public health, including nutrient deficiencies (such as zinc deficiency, associated with diseases such as diabetes and immunological effects [35]) and anemia. Here, GSTM1 is linked to anemia (phenotype).