The strength of our study is that we are the first to report differences in the association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and WC, HbA1C, TG, TC, leptin and adiponectin within non-Hispanic black ethnic subgroups with and without T2D living at Southern U.S. Florida after controlling for age, BMI, smoking status, energy intake and HOMA2-IR. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and type 2 diabetes mellitus.