In terms of the impact of IL2 -330T > G, IL10 -1082G > A, and TNF -308G > A on BPAR incidence, our results are in accordance with previous meta-analyses (Hu et al., 2011; Hu et al., 2015; Xiong et al., 2015; Hu et al., 2016) indicating these SNPs are not significant determinants of BPAR incidence in Caucasian kidney transplant recipients receiving TAC or ciclosporin. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and medical procedure.