Activated NFKB has been detected in the synovium of RA patients at both early and late stages of joint inflammation5–8 and once NFKB is activated (for instance, through the interaction of antigen presenting cells and T cells), it triggers two major signaling pathways in the implicated cells: the canonical and the non-canonical NFKB pathway. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.