A recent study in mice found that inducing the activation of NLRP3 in conjunction with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is beneficial against tumors.171 Conversely, a phase 3 clinical study of the drug canakinumab found that blocking IL-1β can reduce the incidences of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer.172,173 In addition to these studies, a number of other clinical trials exploring the role of IL-1 signaling and inflammasome activation are currently in progress or recruiting. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is lung carcinoma.