NLRP3 and influenza: Through RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) domains, ZBP1 interacts with RIPK3 (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3) and forms a multi-component complex that regulates the induction of these parallel cell death pathways.144 Though the specific ZBP1-activating ligands are currently unknown, recent studies have demonstrated that IFN-induced ZBP1 is required for influenza-induced NLRP3 activation.22,145,146