Future studies examining the interplay between HIV infection/persistence, gut fucosylation, FUT2 expression, gut sialic acid catabolism, eIF2 signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome, will provide even greater insights into the nature of glycan-mediated signaling in the gut during ART-suppressed HIV infection and will help define the opportunities for harnessing glycan-based therapeutics to reduce the burden of HIV-associated comorbidities and/or the levels of HIV persistence. Here, FUT2 is linked to HIV infectious disease.