To corroborate these observations, the presence of PTPN14 was confirmed by Western blotting in B16F10 cells expressing or not CAV1 (Fig. 2a), as well as in the human gall bladder cancer cells Gbd1 (Supplementary Fig. 2a) and the colon cancer cell line DLD-1 (Supplementary Fig. 2b) that endogenously express E-cadherin, PTPN14, and CAV1. Here, PTPN14 is linked to gallbladder cancer.