TGFB1 and cerebral cavernous malformation: When cultured in CCM, significant differences between the MSC gene expression depending on tissue sources were indicated for TWIST, IL6, PDL1, COX2, TGFB1, HGF, BDNF, ICAM and VCAM. The expression of transcription factor TWIST was significantly higher in BM-MSCs compared to AT-MSCs.