The findings showed a correlation to the results of the desmin staining with an increase in ALPPS (αSMA signal 12.6% vs 0.13% total area, p < 0.001) and PVL+DMOG (14.2% vs 0.13% total area, p < 0.001) livers more than in PVL livers (10.1% vs 0.13% total area, p < 0.001) (Fig. 4J). This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and periventricular leukomalacia.