Among all analyzed participants, 13.8% had nephropathy (defined by either a reduced kidney function with an eGFR MDRD - estimated glomerular filtration rate using the MDRD equation of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or albuminuria, i.e., albumin/creatinine ratio ≥ 3), 9.6% had retinopathy (diagnosed based on a comprehensive dilated eye exam), and 22.3% had neuropathy (diagnosed based on a physical exam and/or clinical symptoms). Here, ALB is linked to kidney disorder.