VEGFA and melanoma: Relative to the control (100%), vitamin D at 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 μM significantly inhibited TGF-β protein levels to 76%, 70%, 81%, and 79% of control (p < 0.05) (Figure 5A); and significantly inhibited VEGF protein levels to 57%, 49%, 45%, and 43% of control (p < 0.05) (Figure 5B), in melanoma cells.