TNF and melanoma: Relative to the control (100%), vitamin D at 0.0002, 0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 μM significantly inhibited IL-1 protein levels to 63%, 62%, 41%, and 44% of control (p < 0.05) (Figure 3A); and significantly inhibited TNF-α protein levels to 75%, 75%, 80%, and 79% of control (p < 0.05) (Figure 3A), in melanoma cells.