IFNA1 and infection: We found that caspase-1 activation was in fact increased in GbpChr3-KO compared with wildtype BMDMs at multiple time-points following infection, suggesting GBPs are not necessary for B. thailandensis inflammasome activation in unprimed BMDMs (Fig 2F). Increased cell-cell fusion and caspase-1 activation led to an increase in the cell death, as measured by BMDM uptake of Sytox Green during the course of infection in GBP and IFN signaling knockouts (S4A and S4B Fig).