Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the H. pylori virulence genes including cagA, vacA, iceA2, babA2, and oipA of patients with chronic gastritis, precancerous gastric lesions, and GC, and to determine whether the virulence genes are associated with the risk of chronic gastritis, precancerous gastric lesions, and GC. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is gastric cancer.