IFNG and cutaneous leishmaniasis: In this study, the whole blood was used to evaluate the immune responses in cutaneous leishmaniasis, WBC and PBMC from the same subjects were cultured and stimulated with either mitogen PHA which is a polyclonal stimulator or specific soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA), then the supernatants of the cultures were collected and used to titrate cytokines of IFN-γ, IL-5, and IL-10.