APP and Alzheimer disease: In mouse model of Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ (1–42), Spirulina maxima extract ameliorated learning and memory impairments in Aβ (1–42)-induced mice (assessed using the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests), decreased the protein expression levels of hippocampal Aβ (1‐42), amyloid precursor protein (APP), and β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and attenuated the increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampal oxidative stress of Aβ (1–42)-induced mice [227].