A number of variables were associated with PCS and MCS scores, for example, current smokers had significantly lower PCS and MCS scores than never smokers and patients with worse clinical features and symptoms (e.g., worse Child-Pugh scores, presence of cirrhosis or portal vein thrombosis, higher tumor stage, and increased AFP, CA19-9, ALP, bilirubin, or serum albumin) had lower PCS and MCS scores. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and neoplasm.