To further define the molecular mechanism involved in the regulation of HCC cell by NOD2 to chemotherapy, we did western blot assay and our data showed that NOD2 significantly promoted the effect of sorafenib and lenvatinib by activating AMPK pathway and inhibiting mTORC1 pathway, followed by subsequent induction of autophagy-mediated apoptosis (Fig. 5j, k). The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.