AKT1 and cancer: Consistent with these observations, Arundhathi et al. [32] investigated the function of (P) RR in the biological activities of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and ASPC and found that (P) RR exerts a cancer-promoting effect by enhancing activity in the MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.