Decitabine (a cytosine analog, DNA demethylating agent [156]) and miR-124 (associated with STAT3 signaling) [29] induce an epigenomic induction of autophagy, while phenformin (diabetes therapeutic biguanide compound [157]) and ABTL0812 (hydroxylated variant of linoleic acid) [158] induce autophagy-mediated CCA cell death by activating LKB1-AMPK pathway and by inducing ER stress activation and AKT/mTOR pathway inhibition, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cholangiocarcinoma.