When looking at mTOR inhibitors as autophagy inducers in CCA, preclinical evaluation of everolimus (RAD001) showed a reduction in cell proliferation with increased apoptosis and decreased invasion [132], although no reference to autophagy is clearly shown in spite of the association of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway with CCA metastasis [133]. Here, MTOR is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.