Moreover, PPARα is also known to function as suppressor of the inflammatory mediator NFκB;40 in line with reduced PPARα expression in BSEP KO mice at baseline, expression levels of NFκB subunits RelA, Nfκb1 and Nfκb2 are markedly increased in these animals, further arguing that BSEP KO mice are more susceptible to the development of hepatic inflammation. Here, PPARA is linked to inflammation.