WNT3A and cholangiocarcinoma: Using Opisthorchis viverrini (one of the major etiological factors in the pathogenesis of CCA in northeast, Thailand)-induced cholangiocarcinogenesis in a hamsters, an up-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling with an increase in the expression of Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7b and nuclear β-catenin in CCA tissues has been described [45] (Table 3).