Consistent with the results in immunedeficient nude mice, education of CRC-ITGBL1-enriched EVs increased recruitment of α-SMA + hStCs, myofibroblasts, FN deposition, F4/80+ macrophage, and Ly6G+ myeloid cells migration to the liver and lung of C57Bl/6 mice (Supplementary Fig. 21a, b), supporting the concept of a pre-metastatic niche formation. The gene discussed is ITGBL1; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.