Another proposed concurrent, although not “key,” event in the MOA for PPARα-dependent rodent liver cancer is an increase in nuclear factor-κB.38 In the present study, the gene set “REACTOME Activation of NF KappaB in B cells” was significantly enriched in the upregulated direction for both males and females exposed to 5 mg/kg bw/d (Supplemental Tables S4 and S5). Here, PPARA is linked to liver cancer.