BDNF and neurodegenerative disease: In addition to these neurotrophic effects, BDNF also possesses neuroprotective effects including anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, and autophagy-suppressing ones [19], leading to the expectation that BDNF may have therapeutic potential to treat age-related neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease [20].