FOXO1 silencing or Sirt1 inhibition, affected autophagic flux, impaired mitochondrial function and induced apoptosis in a cholangiocarcinoma cell line, suggesting a role of Sirt1/FOXO1 pathway in the interplay between autophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction in CCA [50] (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene FOXO1 and cholangiocarcinoma.