VEGFA and necrotizing enterocolitis: In the present study we aimed to confirm the association with NEC of three candidate SNPs: the VEGF C-2578A polymorphism (rs699947) (12, 13), the IL-18 C-607A polymorphism (rs1946518) (14), and the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα) A-1902G polymorphism (rs1801275) (15).