In a meta-analysis of 20 Phase II and III RCTs that included over 11,000 advanced cancer patients, including NSCLC, a statistically significant difference in efficacy between male and female patients treated with CTLA-4 or PD-1/PDL-1 blocking antibodies compared to standard of care treatment was observed (P = 0.0019) (47). Here, CD274 is linked to cancer.