CTLA4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In particular, antibodies that block cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4), and programmed death 1 (PD-1) or its ligand PD-L1 have demonstrated unprecedented therapeutic efficacy in metastatic melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, mismatch repair deficient cancers, and several other cancer types (3, 4).