This process is accelerated during HIV-1 infection/HCMV co-infection and further underlined by the expansion of differentiated CD57+ NKG2C+ NK cell subsets enriched for KIRs for self HLA-C1 and/or C2 allotypes, which explains the lack of correlation between -21M HLA-B and better NKG2A+KIR- educated NK cells in this cohort. Here, HLA-B is linked to HIV-1 infection.