VCAM1 and Hepatitis: Our study demonstrated that APAP and ROX co-treatment significantly increased the expression levels of TNF-α, INF-γ, VCAM-1, CXCL-1, STAT-3, Nrf-2, GSTA, GCLC-1, HO-1 and NQO1, suggesting that APAP and ROX co-treatment can induce liver inflammation.