PKM and cancer: PKM2 has been shown to play a central role in cancer biology; facilitating cancer cell proliferation, lactate production, as well as DNA and lipid synthesis.150 Importantly, PKM2 also regulates immune responses, driving aerobic glycolysis and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages.136 The pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity of PKM2 can be allosterically triggered by forcing the assembly of a tetramer.