To examine changes in the T cell response against AFP-derived MHC class II-restricted epitopes by HCC treatment, peripheral blood samples were collected before and after HCC treatment from the patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 4) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE, which was a vascular embolization using anticancer drugs for HCC) (n = 1). The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.