An increased level of Bcl-2 expression protects PCa cells from undergoing apoptosis through association with PTEN loss, p53 inactivation, PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, and the activation of RTK/STAT3/NF-κB, Ras/Raf1/MEK/ERK pathways and autophagy proteins (e.g., Beclin1 and AMBRA1) [218]. Here, PTEN is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.