There are two main types of DM: type 1 (T1DM) caused by the absence of insulin production due to auto-immune mediated loss of pancreatic β-cells and type 2 (T2DM), which results from the deficient action of insulin, triggering the aberrant synthesis of hepatic glucose, secretion deviations, and insulin resistance in target tissues (liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), with consequent progressive deterioration of pancreatic β-cells functions [1,2,3]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.