Furthermore, other cell types, such as amacrine, horizontal, bipolar and microglial cells, contribute to the NO production during ischaemic proliferative retinopathy.48 Microglia are an essential mediator of neuroinflammation in many neurological disorders and are susceptible to HIF‐1α.49 Likewise, there are reports that describe that besides oligodendrocytes, the microglia are the glial cell types most susceptible to hypoxia50 and are extremely sensitive to their microenvironment.44, 51 We observed the same effects in our ex vivo model (Figure 5). Here, HIF1A is linked to nervous system disorder.