Concerning patients with pre-dialysis CKD, one cohort consisting of nearly four thousand patients found an association between FGF23 and a composite endpoint including myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral vascular disease [87], an observation confirmed in other CKD cohorts and in the meta-analysis by Marthi et al. [45, 71, 75]. The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is myocardial infarction.