TNF and atherosclerosis: Moreover, the relationship between adipokines, TNF-α and their receptors has been reported in other studies on diseases with an important inflammatory component, such as Lupus [95], Inflammatory Bowel Disease [96], rheumatoid arthritis [47, 97, 98], atherosclerosis [99, 100] and chronic kidney disease in the absence of Diabetes Mellitus [101, 102].