This result is consistent with a recent meta-analysis of seven studies (626 participants) assessing glycaemic markers in patients treated with UDCA, which found reductions in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin and insulin levels compared to control patients, in studies in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NAFLD and type 2 diabetes mellitus33. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.