PDIA3P1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In this study, we analyzed the microarray data of U87MG glioblastoma cells cultured under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and identified protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 pseudogene 1 (PDIA3P1), a 2099-bp segment mapping to chromosome 1q21.1, which has been reported highly expressed in HCC and OSCC, upregulated under hypoxic conditions24,25.