CX3CL1 and heart failure: The chemotactic function of fractalkine appears to regulate a myriad of physiological and pathological processes such as adaptive immunity, cardiac failure, angiogenesis and the development of pain (Ruth et al., 2001; Yoneda et al., 2000; Umehara et al., 2004; Jones et al., 2010; Ikejima et al., 2010; Kimouli et al., 2009).