XDH and hyperuricemia: Cao et al. [14] found that a significant reduction in the percentage of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillis, with an increase in the level of serum UA, XO activity, and LPS in the hyperuricemic C57BL/6 mice compared with the mice without hyperuricemia, and supplementation with the two probiotic strains Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillis reversed the changes of gut microbiota and decreased the SUA level and XO activity.