An increase in total LC3 and LC3‐II has been associated with autophagic‐induced apoptosis and emphysema via caspase‐3 activation.6 We showed that cardiac glycosides completely inhibited HC‐CSE‐induced cleaved caspase‐3 whereas rapamycin only partially prevented this (Figure S9). Here, MAP1LC3A is linked to pulmonary emphysema.