First, we compared the expression levels of NRF3 and NRF1 in various cancer tissues and found that NRF3 mRNA was more abundant in far more tumor specimens than normal specimens, particularly in colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD), rectal adenocarcinoma (READ), and testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) (Fig. 1A, top). Here, NRF1 is linked to colorectal adenocarcinoma.