(ii) A human genome study showed that NRF2 and NRF3 are among 127 significantly mutated genes (SMGs) across 12 major cancer types (11), breast adenocarcinoma (BRCA), lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), acute myeloid leukemia (LAML; conventionally called AML), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA), COAD, glioblastoma (GBM), head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), ovarian cancer (OV), and READ, with abundant NRF3 mRNA expression (Fig. 1A, top). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L3 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.