LDHA and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In addition to absorption, pancreatic cancer also shows upregulated expression of many genes encoding rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes, such as hexokinase 1/2, phosphofructokinase 1 and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA, the subunit of LDH), enhancing the Warburg effect and glycolytic flux to lactate [39].