In T2DM patients, long-term supplementation with almonds (four and 24 weeks) resulted in significantly reduced HbA1c (from 7.7 ± 1.2 to 7.3 ± 1.1%, p = 0.04) [47], fasting glucose (4.1%, p = 0.023), fasting insulin (0.8%, p = 0.018) and homeostatic model analysis for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (9.2%, p = 0.004) [65]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.