PTGS2 and neoplasm: Research shows that α-l-guluronic acid (ALG), a potent anti-inflammatory agent on breast cancer-related inflammation both in vitro and in vivo conditions, can effectively inhibit the CRI and tumor-promoting mediators (Cyclooxygenase-2, (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase2, (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and proinflammatory cytokines) without direct toxic effects on the cells.