In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible interactions between HCMV infection and the PRL/PRLR axis by analyzing the effect of infection on the expression of PRL and PRLR following experimental HCMV infection of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and by analyzing ovarian cancer tissue specimens for HCMV and PRLR proteins using immunohistochemical staining. The gene discussed is PRL; the disease is ovarian cancer.