C9orf72 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: These studies implicated numerous karyopherins, Nups, and Ran cycle proteins as potential direct and indirect mediators of C9orf72-ALS pathogenesis (Zhang et al., 2015; Jovičić et al., 2015; Freibaum et al., 2015; Boeynaems et al., 2016).