In the context of cardiac development and disease, the sirtuin family, i.e., SIRT1/4/5/6, demonstrate roles in a diversity of processes including energy metabolism, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, I/R injury and cardiomyocyte autophagy, while the functions of SIRT7 have specifically been reported to confer protective anti-apoptotic effects on cardiomyocytes by mitigating ROS-induced injury (44). The gene discussed is SIRT1; the disease is heart failure.