HGF and non-small cell lung carcinoma: However, the aberrant activation of HGF/c-Met signaling pathways, such as c-Met over-expression, amplification, binding to other ligands or abnormally high HGF levels, leads the initiation and progression of tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer, HCC, colon cancer, renal caner, and breast cancer (Goyal et al., 2013; Li J. et al., 2019).